h1. Upgrading from Puppet 3 to 4

_This wiki page was written at the release of Foreman 1.12 and should be used +at your own risk+._

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This wiki page is a rough guide on how to upgrade from Puppet 3 to Puppet 4 when using Foreman. It doesn't replace Puppet's own documentation - you need to take both into account, and it's not for the faint-hearted.

Remember, Puppet is a separate piece of software to Foreman. Foreman integrates with Puppet in only a few places (e.g. reports, ENC and smart proxy class imports) but the Foreman installer may have set it up for you initially. Most of the work is changing the Puppet installation and then updating paths and configs in Foreman to suit.

If you're unfamiliar with how Puppet works, then you should consider setting up a new installation and migrating hosts instead.

h2. Planning

Ensure you are running Foreman 1.12 or higher, previous versions are not compatible with Puppet 4, while 1.12 is compatible with both 3 and 4, so carry out that upgrade first. See "Upgrading to Foreman 1.12":http://theforeman.org/manuals/1.12/index.html#3.6Upgrade for more information.

*Start with "Puppet 3.x to 4.x: Get upgrade-ready":https://docs.puppet.com/puppet/latest/reference/upgrade_major_pre.html* - it has many excellent points, including:

* As with any upgrade, the smaller the step, the easier it will be. Ensure you've already upgraded to the latest 3.x release and fixed any deprecations from the release notes before moving to 4. This will save time later.

* Ensure your Puppet modules are going to be compatible with Puppet 4's new ("future") parser

* Plan to upgrade your masters before your agents, because the master can serve older agents, but not the other way around.

* Back up everything, especially SSL keys and certificates.

* Ensure you have enough RAM, Puppet Server defaults to requiring at _least_ 2GB (or set @--puppet-server-max-active-instances=1 --puppet-server-jvm-min-heap-size=1G --puppet-server-jvm-max-heap-size=1G@ to reduce it)

The guide will assume you're using regular 'puppet' packages either from your OS (or EPEL) or from Puppet Labs repositories. Puppet 4 packages are All-In-One (AIO) packages and work quite differently, introducing lots of new paths for config files and binaries. More information on these at:

* "Welcome to Puppet Collections":https://puppet.com/blog/welcome-to-puppet-collections

* "About Puppet collections and packages":https://docs.puppet.com/puppet/latest/reference/puppet_collections.html

h2. 1. Beginning the upgrade

These steps should be carried out whether using the installer or updating by hand.

h3. 1a. Install new PC1 packages

# Configure the new PC1 repositories with the "Using Puppet Collections":https://docs.puppet.com/guides/puppetlabs_package_repositories.html#using-puppet-collections instructions.

On EL:

# run @yum remove puppet-server@ to prevent later conflicts

# run @yum install puppetserver@ which should replace @facter@, @puppet@ and @puppet-server@ with @puppetserver@ and @puppet-agent@

On Debian/Ubuntu:

# run @apt-get install puppetserver puppet-agent@ which should  @facter@, @puppet@ and @puppetmaster@ with @puppetserver@ and @puppet-agent@

h3. 1b. Environments, SSL and Apache

This section is based on "Puppet 3.x to 4.x: Upgrade Puppet Server":https://docs.puppet.com/puppet/latest/reference/upgrade_major_server.html which goes into far more detail.

# Move or copy any environments from @/etc/puppet/environments@ to @/etc/puppetlabs/code/environments@

# Move or copy all SSL keys and certificates from @/var/lib/puppet/ssl@ to @/etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl@

# Move or copy cached data (if there's any) from @/var/lib/puppet/foreman_cache_data@ to @/opt/puppetlabs/puppet/cache/foreman_cache_data@

# Remove the Puppet master VirtualHost from Apache at @/etc/httpd/conf.d/25-puppet.conf@ (EL) or @a2dissite 25-puppet@ (Debian/Ubuntu)

# Remove 8140 from the Apache ports in @/etc/httpd/conf/ports.conf@ or @/etc/apache2/ports.conf@

# Update SSL paths in @/etc/httpd/conf.d/05-foreman-ssl.conf@ or @/etc/apache2/sites-available/05-foreman-ssl.conf@, changing @/var/lib/puppet/ssl@ to @/etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl@

# Restart httpd/apache2 to free up the port

h3. 1c. Choose foreman-installer or by hand

Choose _one_ of the two following sections - either update all configuration files using foreman-installer or by hand.

h2. 2. Upgrading with foreman-installer

If your installation is fairly standard, re-running the Foreman installer is the most reliable way to install and configure Puppet Server correctly. All parameters containing paths that change based on an AIO/non-AIO layout will be reset back to their defaults, which will match the paths files were moved to in the previous section.

First install the @puppet-agent-oauth@ package to prevent warnings running in no-op mode.

<pre>

foreman-installer --noop -v \

  --puppet-server-implementation=puppetserver \

  --reset-foreman-client-ssl-ca \

  --reset-foreman-client-ssl-cert \

  --reset-foreman-client-ssl-key \

  --reset-foreman-puppet-home \

  --reset-foreman-puppet-ssldir \

  --reset-foreman-server-ssl-ca \

  --reset-foreman-server-ssl-cert \

  --reset-foreman-server-ssl-chain \

  --reset-foreman-server-ssl-crl \

  --reset-foreman-server-ssl-key \

  --reset-foreman-websockets-ssl-cert \

  --reset-foreman-websockets-ssl-key \

  --reset-foreman-proxy-puppet-ssl-ca \

  --reset-foreman-proxy-puppet-ssl-cert \

  --reset-foreman-proxy-puppet-ssl-key \

  --reset-foreman-proxy-puppetca-cmd \

  --reset-foreman-proxy-puppetdir \

  --reset-foreman-proxy-ssl-ca \

  --reset-foreman-proxy-ssl-cert \

  --reset-foreman-proxy-ssl-key \

  --reset-foreman-proxy-ssldir \

  --reset-foreman-puppet-home \

  --reset-puppet-autosign \

  --reset-puppet-client-package \

  --reset-puppet-codedir \

  --reset-puppet-configtimeout \

  --reset-puppet-dir \

  --reset-puppet-logdir \

  --reset-puppet-rundir \

  --reset-puppet-ssldir \

  --reset-puppet-vardir \

  --reset-puppet-server-common-modules-path \

  --reset-puppet-server-default-manifest-path \

  --reset-puppet-server-dir \

  --reset-puppet-server-envs-dir \

  --reset-puppet-server-external-nodes \

  --reset-puppet-server-jruby-gem-home \

  --reset-puppet-server-package \

  --reset-puppet-server-puppetserver-dir \

  --reset-puppet-server-puppetserver-vardir \

  --reset-puppet-server-puppetserver-version \

  --reset-puppet-server-ruby-load-paths \

  --reset-puppet-server-ssl-dir

</pre>

* Note: in noop mode, you can expect an error of @Could not find a suitable provider for foreman_smartproxy@ to be logged, but this should be fixed on the live run, or install the @puppet-agent-oauth@ package manually.

Keep the @--noop -v@ flags on the first run to check if there are any unexpected changes, then remove it to perform the actual changes.

h2. 3. Upgrading by hand

If you have many manual customisations to your Foreman or Puppet installations that you wish to preserve, then you may wish to update config files by hand for new paths.

h3. 3a. Puppet Config files

# @mv /etc/puppet/autosign.conf /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/@

# @cp /etc/puppet/puppet.conf /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/puppet.conf@ and change:

#* in the 'main' section:

#*# @vardir = /opt/puppetlabs/puppet/cache@

#*# @logdir = /var/log/puppetlabs/puppet@

#*# @rundir = /var/run/puppetlabs@

#*# @ssldir = /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl@

#*# @environmentpath = /etc/puppetlabs/code@

#*# @basemodulepath = /etc/puppetlabs/code/environments/common:/etc/puppetlabs/code/modules:/opt/puppetlabs/puppet/modules@

#* in the 'agent' section:

#*# remove @configtimeout@

#* in the 'master' section:

#*# @autosign = /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/autosign.conf { mode = 0644 }@

#*# @external_nodes = /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/node.rb@

#*# @ssldir = /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl@

# edit @/etc/puppetlabs/puppetserver/conf.d/puppetserver.conf@

## change @master-var-dir@ to @/opt/puppetlabs/puppet/cache@

## uncomment/set @use-legacy-auth-conf: false@ 

If using a smart proxy to import classes, edit @/etc/puppetlabs/puppetserver/conf.d/auth.conf@, search for @/puppet/v3/environments@ and add a new section below it:

<pre>

        {

            match-request: {

                path: "/puppet/v3/resource_type"

                type: path

                method: [get, post]

            }

            allow: "*"

            sort-order: 500

            name: "puppetlabs resource type"

        },

</pre> 

And if your Puppet server version is 4.4+, and you're using the proxy to import classes, add this section too:

<pre>

        {

            match-request: {

                path: "/puppet/v3/environment_classes"

                type: path

                method: get

            }

            allow: "*"

            sort-order: 500

            name: "puppetlabs environment classes"

        },

</pre>

If you will still support Puppet 3 clients against the server running Puppet 4, see "auth.conf rules for Puppet 3 and 4 agents":https://docs.puppet.com/puppet/latest/reference/upgrade_major_server.html#example-authconf-rules-for-puppet-3-and-4-agents for additional rules. Using foreman-installer (below) will also configure these by default.

Start and enable the puppetserver service with: @/opt/puppetlabs/bin/puppet resource service puppetserver ensure=running enable=true@

h3. 3b. ENC files

# @cp /etc/puppet/foreman.yaml /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/foreman.yaml@ and change:

## replace @/var/lib/puppet/ssl@ with @/etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl@

## @:puppetdir: /opt/puppetlabs/puppet/cache@

# @mv /etc/puppet/node.rb /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/@

h3. 3c. Foreman settings

# edit @/etc/foreman/settings.yaml@ and change @:puppetssldir: /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl@

# change @websockets_*@ settings to use @/etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl@ and also @ssl_*@ if specified

# restart Foreman by running @touch ~foreman/tmp/restart.txt@

# check in _Administer > Settings > Auth_ in the Foreman UI that SSL certificate, private key and CA file all use @/etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl@, else change them

h3. 3d. Smart proxy settings

# edit @/etc/foreman-proxy/settings.d/puppet.yml@ and set @:puppet_version@ to the version of Puppet currently installed, e.g. 4.5.0

#* look up the version of puppet-agent (@rpm -q puppet-agent@ or @dpkg -l puppet-agent@) and check "Release contents":https://docs.puppet.com/puppet/4.5/reference/about_agent.html

# edit @/etc/foreman-proxy/settings.d/puppet_proxy_puppet_api.yml@ and change @/var/lib/puppet/ssl@ to @/etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl@

# edit @/etc/foreman-proxy/settings.d/puppetca.yml@ and change:

## @:ssldir: /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl@

## @:puppetdir: /etc/puppetlabs/puppet@

# edit @/etc/foreman-proxy/settings.yml@ and change @/var/lib/puppet/ssl@ to @/etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl@

# @service foreman-proxy restart@

h3. 3e. Foreman installer

Foreman installer stores many paths in its answers file, so if you plan to run it again in future, these need to be changed. See the earlier section on upgrading with Foreman installer to update them.

h2. Further reading

* "Puppet reference manual":https://docs.puppet.com/puppet/latest/reference/index.html

* "Puppet Server documentation":https://docs.puppet.com/puppetserver/latest/

* "Puppet Server vs Apache/Passenger Puppet master":https://docs.puppet.com/puppetserver/latest/puppetserver_vs_passenger.html

* "Where did everything go in Puppet 4.x?":https://docs.puppet.com/puppet/latest/reference/whered_it_go.html

* "puppet-agent: What is it, and what's in it?":https://docs.puppet.com/puppet/4.5/reference/about_agent.html